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Compare Brunei (2001) - Christmas Island (2007)
Compare Brunei (2001) z Christmas Island (2007)
| Brunei (2001) | Christmas Island (2007) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong | none (territory of Australia) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772) 15-64 years: 66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007) 65 years and over: 2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: NA
15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo | NA |
| Airports | 2 (2000 est.) | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
total: 135 sq km
land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Delaware | about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries. | Named in 1643 for the day of its discovery, the island was annexed and settlement began by the UK in 1888. Phosphate mining began in the 1890s. The UK transferred sovereignty to Australia in 1958. Almost two-thirds of the island has been declared a national park. |
| Birth rate | 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA |
| Budget | revenues:
$2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA |
| Capital | Bandar Seri Begawan | name: The Settlement
geographic coordinates: 10 25 S, 105 43 E time difference: UTC+7 (12 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid, rainy | tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |
| Coastline | 161 km | 138.9 km |
| Constitution | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) | Christmas Island Act of 1958-59 (1 October 1958) as amended by the Territories Law Reform Act of 1992 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei |
conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island
conventional short form: Christmas Island |
| Currency | Bruneian dollar (BND) | - |
| Death rate | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA |
| Debt - external | $0 | - |
| Dependency status | - | non-self governing territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of Transport and Regional Services |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 |
none (territory of Australia) |
| Disputes - international | possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.3 million (1995) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas. | Phosphate mining had been the only significant economic activity, but in December 1987 the Australian Government closed the mine. In 1991, the mine was reopened. With the support of the government, a $34 million casino opened in 1993, but closed in 1998. The Australian Government in 2001 agreed to support the creation of a commercial space-launching site on the island, expected to begin operations in the near future. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.274 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 2.445 billion kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Murray Hill 361 m |
| Environment - current issues | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia | loss of rainforest; impact of phosphate mining |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% | Chinese 70%, European 20%, Malay 10%
note: no indigenous population (2001) |
| Exchange rates | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3285 (2006), 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by the Australian governor general
head of government: Administrator Neil LUCAS (since 30 January 2006) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the governor general of Australia and represents the monarch and Australia |
| Exports | $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | crude oil, natural gas, refined products | phosphate |
| Exports - partners | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) | Australia, NZ (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands | territorial flag; divided diagonally from upper hoist to lower fly; the upper triangle is green with a yellow image of the Golden Bosun Bird superimposed, while the lower triangle is blue with the Southern Cross constellation, representing Australia, superimposed; a centered yellow disk displays a green map of the island; the flag of Australia is used for official purposes |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5% industry: 46% services: 49% (1996 est.) |
- |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.) | - |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | - |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 30 N, 114 40 E | 10 30 S, 105 40 E |
| Geography - note | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia | located along major sea lanes of Indian Ocean |
| Heliports | 3 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
- |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
- |
| Illicit drugs | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty | - |
| Imports | $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals | consumer goods |
| Imports - partners | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) | principally Australia (2006) |
| Independence | 1 January 1984 (from UK) | none (territory of Australia) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4% (1997 est.) | - |
| Industries | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction | tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion) |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1999 est.) | - |
| International organization participation | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | 10 sq km (1993 est.) | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) | Supreme Court; District Court; Magistrate's Court |
| Labor force | 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) |
NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) | - |
| Land boundaries | total:
381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 85% other: 12% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (mainly tropical rainforest; 63% of the island is a national park) (2005) |
| Languages | Malay (official), English, Chinese | English (official), Chinese, Malay |
| Legal system | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas | under the authority of the governor general of Australia and Australian law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
unicameral Christmas Island Shire Council (9 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)
elections: held every two years with half the members standing for election; last held 20 October 2007 (next to be held in 2009) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 9 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
73.82 years male: 71.45 years female: 76.31 years (2001 est.) |
total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
NA |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia | Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $343 million (FY98) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 5.1% (FY98) | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
3,005 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection | Australia Day, 26 January (1788) |
| Nationality | noun:
Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian |
noun: Christmas Islander(s)
adjective: Christmas Island |
| Natural hazards | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare | the narrow fringing reef surrounding the island can be a maritime hazard |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, timber | phosphate, beaches |
| Net migration rate | 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA |
| Pipelines | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) | none |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 343,653 (July 2001 est.) | 1,402 (July 2006 est.) (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | - |
| Population growth rate | 2.11% (2001 est.) | 0% (2007 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong | - |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2006) |
| Radios | 329,000 (1998) | - |
| Railways | total:
13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge |
- |
| Religions | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% | Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
NA |
| Suffrage | none | - |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
general assessment: service provided by the Australian network
domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - 1 INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 79,000 (1996) | NA |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,524 (1996) | - |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (1997) | 0 (TV broadcasts received via satellite from mainland Australia) (2006) |
| Terrain | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west | steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau |
| Total fertility rate | 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.) | NA |
| Unemployment rate | 4.9% (1995 est.) | - |
| Waterways | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m | - |
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